ABSTRACT
Andaman buffalo is an indigenous buffalo of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Over the last decade, it has witnessed a rapid decline in population, necessitating its immediate characterization and conservation. The present study reports the complete mitogenome profile of Andaman buffalo which is 16,359 bp in length and comprised of 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs. In addition, one A + T rich region (D-loop) was also present. A biasness towards A and T base was observed in all the genes. All the PCGs except ND6 were present on heavy strand. Start codons for all the 13 PCGs were ATN codon and abbreviated/truncated stop codons were observed in ND1, ND2, COX3, ND3 and ND4. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Andaman buffalo is closely related to buffalo from India and China. The results from this study will help in sketching the conservation plan of the threatened breed.
ABSTRACT
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals which has been discovered more than 100 years ago. The causative organism is a RNA virus belongs to the Aphthovirus genus, Picornaviridae family. The disease is endemic in India and every year the economic loss due to direct and indirect cause is more than USD 4 billion annually. The Andaman & Nicobar Islands also suffered due to the outbreak of FMD in the year 2005 which was due to serotype O. However, in the present study the reemergence of FMD virus almost after a gap of 13 years has been reported from the South Andaman district of the A & N Islands. The outbreak was confirmed as serotype O and is mainly affected more than 800 cattle, goat and buffalo population. The reemergence of the FMD virus in the islands has posed a serious concern to the livestock of this island which is now being considered as almost free from many of the dreaded disease. Based on the epidemiological investigation it could be concluded that the virus might have entered through the transport of straws which is being used as packing materials for vegetable and fruits from mainland
ABSTRACT
Between January, 1999 and June, 2001 consecutive twenty cases of ovarian tumours in girls below 20 years of age admitted in Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, West Bengal were analysed. Commonest presentation was lump abdomen (80%), 15% presented with acute abdomen, one patient presented with virilisation and another with precocious puberty and 85% had single ovarian involvement. Among 5 cases of torsion of ovarian tumours, one along with the twisted uterus was detected. Conservative surgery in the form of cystectomy or unilateral oophorectomy with or without salpingectomy was possible in 85% cases. Germ cell tumours (60%) took the leading place followed by epithelial (3 0%) and sex-cord stromal tumour (10%). Fifty percent neoplasms were malignant with majority (80%) being instage I. Combination chemotherapy was considered for 7 out of 10 cases. Conservative surgery in one hand and the fear of malignancy on the other are the real problems in these cases. Early detection, optimal therapy and intense follow-up are the key points of the management.